Preparation of deodorant

PREPARATION OF DEODORANT

OBJECTIVE:

To prepare deodorants with varying amount and type of fragrance incorporated and evaluate deodorants’ stability and safety.

INTRODUCTION:

Deodorants and anti-perspirants are preparation that can mask, remove or reduce the unpleasant odor on the body due to sweat. Sweat on its own does not generally have a smell; bacteria present on the surface of the skin digests the sweat and the digestion & breakdown products cause the odor. Therefore, a deodorant functions by decreasing the bacteria population on the skin or by adding fragrance to the body to overcome the foul odor. On the other hand, an anti-perspirant functions by reducing the production of sweat through its astringent property.

APPARATUS:

Water bath, evaporating dish, glass rod, weighing boat, dropper, beaker

INGREDIENTS:

Beeswax, cocoa butter, coconut oil , silicone oil, vitamin E oil, corn starch, essential oil/ perfumes

PROCEDURE:

1)   The beeswax and the cocoa butter were heated until they were melted. Then, the coconut, silicone and vitamin E oils were added.

2)   The essential oils or perfumes were added when all the oils and fats have melted.

3)   The corn starch was mixed in using a hand mixer until homogenous.

4)   Then molten mixture was poured into the container and it was allowed to cool until it hardens.

EVALUATION OF PRODUCTS:

1)      Each member of the group took her turn to test the products.

2)      A simple questionnaire that will allow each person to compare the effectiveness of each product and whether the fragrance incorporated is irritating to the skin was devised.

3)      In the morning of the test, shower was taken and we dried ourselves with towel. The underarm that will function as a control was determined. Any preparation was not allowed to be applied on that specific underarm. The same underarm was used as the control throughout the studies.

4)      On the other underarm, not more than 1g of the product was applied using the application provided.

5)      After exactly 9 hours of normal daily activities, the questionnaire was filled.

QUESTIONAIRE:

Questions	Rose (0.1%)	Rose (0.3%)	Rose (0.5%)	Topaz (0.2%)	Topaz (0.4%)
How do you think about the appearance of the product?
Do you think the selling price is suitable?
How do you feel after applying the product?
Does it effective in masking odor?
Does its effect long-lasting?

Tips: 1 – Worst, 2 – Bad, 3 – Normal, 4 – Great, 5 – Excellent

Does the deodorant produce unpleasant smell after applied? (Yes / No)

RESULTS:

       I.            Evaluation of products

Questions / type of fragrance used	Rose (0.1%)	Rose (0.3%)	Rose (0.5%)	Topaz (0.2%)	Topaz (0.4%)
How do you think about the appearance of the product?	3	3	3	3	3
Do you think the selling price is suitable?	4	3	3	3	4
How do you feel after applying the product?	4	4	3	4	4
Does it effective in masking odor?	2	2	1	2	2
Does its effect long-lasting?	3	1	2	2	3

Based on the result obtained from group members, the appearance of the product is normal, maybe not that attractive. Generally, they think that the selling price is affordable by average people. Next, most of the group members think that they feel great after applying the products, whereby no itching or greasy feeling occurred. However, the products are not so effective in odor masking and its effectiveness is not long-lasting.

DISCUSSIONS:

Antiperspirant is designed to limit eccrine sweat production while deodorant is tropically applied products designed to reduce underarm odor. Deodorant can only mask the unpleasant odor, but does not fully manage the bacteria which are the source of unpleasant odor. This is because deodorant does not contain antiperspirant active agent. Duration of deodorization, stability of fragrance, irritation potential, solubility, and viscosity of product and suitability of deodorant on the skin are the important criteria in preparing deodorant.

Deodorant and antiperspirant can be prepared in different dosage form, such as sticks, roll-ons, cream, pump sprays, aerosols, and gels. Roll-on deodorant is clear and normally do not cause stains, but it will create a wet feeling which causes the user to feel uncomfortable. Solid antiperspirant or deodorant is drier and contain soothing ingredients to counteract irritation, but it may stick to the fabric. Solid deodorant also has high possibility to cause respiratory irritation when accidentally inhalation of solid powder. Deodorant sprays are the most common dosage form found in the market. This is due to the fact that sprays dry faster and last longer compared to the roll-ons and solid dosage forms of deodorants. However the price may be a little expensive than the other dosage form, which may not be affordable by everyone. Deodorant can be formulated in acidic, alkaline or neutral medium.

            Duration of deodorization should be as long as possible and preferably does not cause stain on fabric. It would be more user-friendly if the deodorant or antiperspirant is stainless. Some component in the deodorant such as aluminum can cause yellow stain on fabric. The stability of fragrance should be high, and react well with the body odor. The product is considered not suitable for a particular individual if the smell of deodorant cannot blend well with the scent of body, producing a weird and uncomfortable scent. The fragrance of the deodorant is preferably to be mild, but enough to mask the bad odor. This is because the sharp and thick smell of deodorant may affect the other people who smell it. Higher viscosity deodorant and antiperspirant is more favorable as it is easier to control and apply a higher viscosity product rather than a lower one. The deodorant also should not be too greasy or oily when apply. The greasy properties may cause the user to feel uncomfortable when apply. The product should not be easily evaporated from the body, as the significant of masking odor decreases as the fragrance evaporates. A good deodorant or antiperspirant must not cause allergic action or irritation on the consumer. A tight regulation and test should be applied on the essential oils, fragrances, and the contents of the deodorant before it is sold in the market.

CONCLUSION:

As a conclusion, different people have different preference towards deodorants. Some people loves deodorant with less concentration of perfume, and different type of smell while others choose the deodorant not just depends on it’s smell only but depends whether the deodorant is sensitive to their skin or not and also take other factors in choosing deodorants to be used everyday.

REFERENCES:

1. 1) Health and Beauty Royale.com, Choosing the Right Deodorant for You, 11^th April 2014Youhttp://healthandbeautyroyale.com/choosing-right-deodorant/

2 .2) What Is Antiperspirant Deodorant?, Degree, 2016, http://www.degreedeodorant.com/sweat-facts/detail/973783/what-is-antiperspirant-deodorant

3.3) How Deodorants Work, Mental_floss, 24^th September 2015, http://mentalfloss.com/article/68960/how-does-deodorant-work